Second Grade Learning Objectives
Discovering and inventing roles and rules are priorities for second graders. The second-grade classroom supports students as they learn to discuss, interpret and apply their new understandings.
Throughout this year of increasing awareness and independence, second graders build on their foundation of literacy skills. Second grade is also a time for expanding mathematical problem solving skills by using more complex addition and subtraction strategies as well as the new tools of multiplication and early division.
Second graders learn to assume more responsibility for maintaining and organizing their work, budgeting their time and completing longer-term projects. Students learn to listen attentively and follow directions, demonstrate curiosity and resolve conflicts with appropriate strategies.
Language Literacy
The Language Literacy curriculum focuses on developing skilled and enthusiastic readers and writers. Elementary students learn to be active and capable readers of both fiction and nonfiction, including a variety of print and nonprint texts, who enjoy talking about their reading with others. As a result, students engage in a wide range of comprehension activities designed to support both critical reading and continued growth as readers. Elementary students learn to write and to use writing to learn. Students write in a variety of genres, thus developing their ability to express ideas, emotions and beliefs while acquiring a firm, yet developmentally appropriate, foundation in the fundamentals of writing. Moreover, the District strives to develop students who enjoy reading and writing and who value reading and writing as a means for exploring their imagination, for learning about themselves and the world and for communicating with others.
The second-grade student:
Reads with Accuracy
- Knows basic sight vocabulary
- Uses phonics, grammar and meaning to read unknown words
- Reads with fluency
Uses Comprehension Strategies
- Recalls facts and information
- Uses higher-level strategies: Predicting, Identifying Main Idea, Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions
- Makes personal responses to books and stories
- Reads independently for pleasure and information
- Reads grade level text
Writes
- Uses steps of the writing process: Ideas, Organization and Conventions (Spelling, Capitalization and Punctuation)
- Tries different forms of writing: Personal Narrative, Fiction, Nonfiction, Persuasive and Poetry
- Demonstrates growing independence and confidence as a writer
Inquires/Researches
- Uses research skills to gather information and ideas.
Library
Second-Grade Objectives
- The student will know the definition of research.
- The student will be able to identify materials, with assistance, appropriate to student reading ability.
- The student will know we make connections (text to self, text to text and text to world).
- The student will know there are different literary genres.
- The student will recognize historical fiction, biographies, folk tales, tall tales and poetry when a book in one of these genres is read to them.
- Students will know the difference between fiction and nonfiction.
- Students will understand that fiction uses letters and nonfiction uses numbers as organizational tools.
- Students will understand that fiction is divided into an everybody section and a fiction section for chapter books.
- Students will understand that fiction uses letters and nonfiction uses numbers as organizational tools.
- Students will understand there is a way to find books using the computer.
- Students will use a shelf marker.
- Students will follow the norms and procedures that are in place for the library, such as check in and check out.
- Students will begin to sort and locate books to the second letter using the authorʼs last name.
- Students will begin to sort and locate books to the whole number in the Dewey Decimal System.
Art
Creation is at the heart of the visual arts curriculum. Students learn to work with various tools, processes and media. They learn to make choices that enhance the communication of their ideas. Students learn to make critical judgments as they develop aesthetic perception by interacting with works of art and becoming knowledgeable about history and world culture.
Media, Tools, Methods
- Use a variety of drawing techniques with control.
Principles and Elements
- Use light colors next to dark colors for value contrast.
- Identify differences among forms in the environment.
- Identify size relationships within an arrangement.
- Identify and use warm and cool colors and color groupings.
- Create illusions of texture.
History
- Identify and discuss basic art media used by artists to create works of art.
- Use art works from other times and cultures as guides for the visual expression of ideas and experiences.
Social Context
- Describe how visual forms contribute to group identification.
- Describe how visual images are used for celebrating important life events in a variety of cultures.
Analysis
- Describe similarities and differences between natural and constructed forms.
Aesthetics
- Identify and describe the reasons that people create art.
Health
The mission of the kindergarten through second grade health curriculum is to provide learning experiences that are relevant to students’ current lives and builds a foundation for future health decisions. It impacts the development of the whole child: physical, emotional, mental and social. Such a curriculum requires a partnership among professional educators, parents and members of the broader community. An effective comprehensive health curriculum equips students with information, resources and skills. Additionally, it helps them develop attitudes necessary to choose healthy lifestyles, to become discriminating consumers of health information and products, and to empower themselves for a lifetime of wellness and productivity.
Personal Health and Safety (taught each year)
Play Safe-Stay Safe I
- Safety at school, home and playground.
Healthy Living I
- Hygiene.
- Self care techniques.
- Personal responsibility.
Body Systems (taught biannually)
Body Sense
- Major organs.
- Five senses.
All Systems Grow I
- Skeletal, muscular, circulatory and respiratory systems.
Nutrition (taught biannually)
Let’s Eat Healthy I
- Benefits of a balanced diet.
- Food plate.
Physical Education
The mission of the kindergarten through second-grade physical education program is to develop knowledge and understanding, attitudes and behaviors, and skills that will enable each student to develop a lifestyle in which regular vigorous physical activity is practiced. Goals and objectives reflect the view that there are important learning’s in the psychomotor, cognitive and affective domains that lead to optimal development of the whole person. All students should have the opportunity to develop and exhibit desirable behaviors in each of the domains.
Fundamental Movement Skills
- Locomotor, non-locomotor, manipulatives, body management, movement concepts and developmental games.
Personal Fitness/Healthy Lifestyles
- Health and skill-related fitness, wellness and fitness principles.
Rhythms and Dance
- Essential elements of rhythm, creative/interpretive dance, rhythmic activities, forms of dance and social/cultural aspects of dance.
Sport Skills and Lifetime Activities
- Skill techniques, individual/dual/team sports and specialized activities.
Outdoor Education/Team Building
- Cooperation/Team building activities.
Math
In second grade, instructional time should focus on four critical areas: (1) extending understanding of base-ten notation; (2) building fluency with addition and subtraction; (3) using standard units of measure; and (4) describing and analyzing shapes.
Operations and Algebraic Thinking
- Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
- Add and subtract within 20.
- Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
Number and Operations in Base Ten
- Understand place value.
- Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.
Measurement and Data
- Measure and estimate lengths in standard units.
- Relate addition and subtraction to length.
- Work with time and money.
- Represent and interpret data.
Geometry
- Reason with shapes and their attributes.
Science
Science education should encourage an attitude of inquiry in the world around us, excite an interest in the nature and process of science and explore the relationship of science to society, technology, mathematics and other disciplines. Through the science curriculum, students gain a foundation of process skills, leading to organized reasoning, analytical thinking and problem solving abilities.
Second-grade students in Clayton will complete the following FOSS (Full Option Science System) units:
Pebbles Sand and Silt
Students study the properties of rocks and soil. They group and seriate rocks on the basis of single, observable properties and learn simple ways to sort rocks using tools such as screens and techniques such as mixing with water. They study properties of different kids of soils and explore natural resources used as building materials.
- Develop a curiosity and interest in the physical world around them.
- Observe, describe and sort earth materials based on properties.
- Separate earth materials by size, using different techniques.
- Observe the similarities and differences in the materials in a river rock mixture: silt, sand, gravel and small and large pebbles.
- Explore places where earth materials are found and ways earth materials are used.
- Compare the ingredients in different soils.
- Organize and communicate observations through drawing and writing.
- Acquire the vocabulary associated with earth materials.
Balance and Motion
Students explore stable (balanced) and unstable systems, using counterweighting to change the center of mass of the systems. They explore two classes of motion - spinning and rolling - first through trial and error, and later through systematic explorations. Students begin to develop a sense of variables, which they control to produce desired outcomes.
- Develop a growing curiosity and interest in the motion of objects.
- Investigate materials constructively during free exploration and in a guided discovery mode.
- Solve problems through trial and error.
- Develop persistence in tackling a problem.
- Explore concepts of balance, counterweight and stability.
- Observe systems that are unstable and modify them to reach equilibrium.
- Discover different ways to produce rotational motion.
- Construct and observe toys that spin.
- Explore and describe some of the variables that influence the spinning of objects.
- Observe and compare rolling systems with different-sized wheels.
- Explore and describe the motion of rolling spheres.
- Acquire the vocabulary associated with balance and motion.
Plants and Animals
Investigations give young students the opportunity to provide for the needs of both plants and animals living together in a classroom habitat. This experience offers them an awareness of the different ways that plants and animals grow and interact.
- Develop a curiosity and interest in plants as living things.
- Provide for the needs of growing plants and animals.
- Observe and describe the changes that occur as plants grow and develop.
- Become familiar with the structures and functions of flowering plants (root, stem and leaf).
- Discover various ways that new plants can develop from mature plants.
- Compare the basic needs of common plants and animals.
- Experience some of the diversity of forms in the plant and animals kingdoms and become aware of features that help plants and animals thrive in different habitats.
- Learn that some animals eat plants and others use them for shelter and nesting.
- Compare structure and function of different animals’ teeth.
- Organize and communicate observations through drawing and writing.
- Acquire the vocabulary associated with the structures, needs and habitats of plants and animals.
- Draw pictures and portray features of objects.
- Record observations and data with pictures, numbers and words.
Social Studies
Social studies is a multi-disciplinary, integrated approach to the study of people, their physical environment, traditions, leadership and cultures. The K-3 social studies program introduces geography, civics, economics and history. Students study people and cultures, past and present, from our own community and all over the world. They learn how the physical environment shapes cultures, why governments are important and ways in which our needs are served in the economy.
Geography
- Compare and contrast absolute and relative location.
- Locate school, community, state and country on a map.
- Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between seasons, climate and geography.
- Define natural resources.
Culture
- Demonstrate an understanding of the various ways in which a location influences the way in which people live.
- Demonstrate an understanding of the culture of our local community.
History
- Begin to demonstrate an understanding of the local history of our community.
Economics
- Demonstrate an understanding of the roles of producers and consumers in our community.
- Observe the way in which our community meets the needs of its citizens.
- Identify economic concepts such as scarcity, market, supply and demand.
Civics
- Demonstrate an understanding of citizens’ rights and responsibilities as a member of a community
- Identify the functions of government.
- Identify the structure of local, state and federal government.
Contemporary Applications
- Demonstrate an understanding of the current structure of government and contemporary applications of economics in our community.
Technology
Technology motivates and empowers all members of our learning community to explore, experiment and connect with the larger global community. Technology is integrated throughout the curriculum to expand resources for learners, improve communication and provide greater versatility in the curriculum. Students learn how to use many technology tools to gather, interpret and share information and to choose appropriate technologies to complete their work. Prior to completion of second grade, students will:
- use input devices (e.g. mouse and keyboard) and output devices (e.g. monitor and printer) to successfully operate computers and other technologies.
- use a variety of media and technology resources for directed and independent learning activities.
- use developmentally appropriate multimedia resources (e.g. interactive books, educational software and elementary multimedia encyclopedias) to support learning.
- demonstrate positive social and ethical behaviors when using technology.
- practice responsible use and care of technology systems and software.
- create developmentally appropriate multimedia products with support from teachers, family members or student partners.
- use available technology for problem solving, communication and illustration of thoughts, ideas and stories.
- communicate about technology using developmentally appropriate and accurate terminology (e.g., login, shut down, files, etc.).
Spanish
The Spanish curriculum is based on the belief that anyone who can learn his or her native language can learn a second language. The curriculum is designed for all learners and addresses a variety of learning styles. Students are given frequent opportunities to interact and use the language. Grammar is presented through and for usage, not as the object of instruction. Teachers emphasize task-oriented, hands-on, concrete activities, which integrate all five language skills (listening, reading, writing, speaking and culture) In second grade, students will learn to:
- identify the school supplies they use.
- describe the weather.
- say the alphabet in Spanish
- name members of the family and tell the size of family.
- identify common rooms in the house.
- use numbers to tell date, count objects, count by tens and say how old they are.
- identify body parts and talk about aches and ailments.
- describe geography of Mexico using the capital, climate and terrain.
- use the compass rose.
- locate Mexico and USA on a world map.
- state preference for various Mexican foods and tropical fruits.
- identify plants and animals in the rainforest and describe them using Es... and Tiene...
Music
Communication and expression through music and movement is an important part of growth and brain development. Students in music learn, develop and improve motor skills. The music curriculum provides all students the musical opportunities and experiences necessary to become informed consumers, creators and/or performers of music.
Melody (singing)
- Perform and recognize steps, leaps and repeats.
- High and low pitches in melodies.
Rhythm
- Recognize and perform quarter note/rest and eighth notes.
- Recognize and perform music in sets of two and three.
Form
- Recognize and perform repeat signs, solo/chorus and verse/refrain.
Expression- Identify and demonstrate piano, forte, crescendo and diminuendo.
Harmony- Perform melodic ostinato.